Signals
| Next FOMC | π¦ 2026-10-28 β Cuts: 10% | Hold: 76% | Hikes: 14% ◆ Current bias: Neutral |
| Valuation | π¨ Extreme valuation compression: ERP 0.02% β estimated earnings-yield compensation over 10Y Treasuries is negligible or negative; broader stress is not confirmed by the current credit and financial-stress regimes |
| Liquidity Flow | β Liquidity declining (Ξ4W $-37B) β mild headwind |
π¦ 2026-10-28 β Cuts: 10% | Hold: 76% | Hikes: 14% ◆ Current bias: Neutral
π¨ Extreme valuation compression: ERP 0.02% β estimated earnings-yield compensation over 10Y Treasuries is negligible or negative; broader stress is not confirmed by the current credit and financial-stress regimes
β Liquidity declining (Ξ4W $-37B) β mild headwind
Fed Funds Futures Probabilities
| Meeting | -50bps | -25bps | No Change | +25bps | +50bps |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oct 28 | 0.0% | 10.2% | 75.9% | 13.9% | 0.0% |
| Dec 09 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 9.2% | 78.8% | 12.0% |
| Jan 27 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 9.6% | 77.8% | 12.7% |
| Mar 17 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 16.0% | 84.0% |
| Apr 28 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 12.8% | 87.2% |
| Jun 09 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 100.0% |
Policy Path
Markets are leaning toward additional policy tightening at the upcoming meeting, although conviction remains incomplete. The broader futures curve, however, continues to price a modest tightening bias later in the year.
Key Changes This Week
| Metric | Weekly Change |
|---|---|
| 2Y Treasury | -3 bp |
| 10Y Treasury | -4 bp |
| 30Y Treasury | -3 bp |
| HY OAS | +1 bp |
| 10Y-2Y Curve | -1 bp |
| Net Liquidity | Ξ4W $-37.0B |
Regime Changes
| No regime changes this week |
Rates
| 3M | 6M | 1Y | 2Y | 5Y | 10Y | 30Y |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.25% | 4.32% | 4.47% | 4.80% | 5.02% | 5.24% | 5.60% |
4.25%
4.32%
4.47%
4.80%
5.02%
5.24%
5.60%
Curve spreads
| Fed Policy | 55 bp |
| Recession | 99 bp |
| Neutral RateThe long-term theoretical level at which interest rates neither stimulate nor restrict economic growth. More (r*) estimate | 4.18% |
IG Credit
| AaaAaa represents the highest rung of investment-grade corporate debt, indicating top-level creditworthiness and the lowest default risk. More | 6.22% |
| BaaBaa represent the lowest rung of investment-grade corporate debt with moderate credit risk, making them susceptible to higher default risk than Aaa bonds. More | 6.69% |
Equities
| S&P500 | 7811.54 |
| Forward PE | 19.0 |
| Earnings Yield | 5.26% |
| ERP | 0.02% |
Credit Spreads
| HY OAS | 311 bp |
| Corporate OAS | 83 bp |
| BBB OAS | 102 bp |
| CCC OAS | 1253 bp |
| Quality Buffer | 19 bp |
| Fallen Angel Penalty | 209 bp |
| Distress Premium | 942 bp |
Delta
| 2Y Ξ | -3 bp |
| 5Y Ξ | -4 bp |
| 10Y Ξ | -4 bp |
| 30Y Ξ | -3 bp |
| HY Ξ | 1 bp |
Financial Risk & Volatility
| FSI | -0.47 |
| MOVE | 98.47 |
Liquidity (System Proxy)
| Fed Assets | $6.75T |
| Treasury Cash | $885.8B |
| Reverse Repo | $2.3B |
| Net Liquidity | $5.86T |
| Ξ4W Net Liquidity | Ξ4W $-37.0B |
Regime
| ERP | Extreme Compression |
| Credit | Stable |
| Financial stress | Calm |
| Banking system | Loose |
| Equity | Risk-Off |
Interpretation
The Treasury curve remains positively sloped across observed maturities, consistent with a normal term structure and an economy still expected to expand over the medium term. Long-term yields remain highly restrictive by historical standards.
Against this broadly stable structural backdrop, Treasury yields declined in a largely parallel fashion, reflecting a modest repricing of the expected policy path while leaving longer-term macro expectations broadly intact. The limited change in curve geometry suggests investors primarily repriced the overall level of interest rates rather than materially altering expectations for growth or inflation.
Inflation expectations remain well anchored despite modest differences between near- and longer-term pricing. Treasury volatility is moderately elevated (98.47), implying a 6.2 bps daily yield swing. This reflects healthy, non-disruptive repricing of incoming macroeconomic data across the belly of the curve without causing structural durationBond Duration: Estimates the percentage change in a bondβs price for every 1% shift in interest rates. For example, a bond with a 3-year duration will gain or lose roughly Β±3% of its value if rates fall or rise by 1%. More stress. On a longer-term horizon, fixed-income volatility remains trapped in a mean-reverting holding pattern. The index sits squarely in the middle of its 52-week channel (76.6% above its annual low, but down 14.4% from its peak), indicating a temporary equilibrium as the market digests recent macro data. The absence of material curve inversions reinforces the view that markets continue to price ongoing economic expansion rather than an imminent recession.
Fed Funds Futures broadly confirm the Treasury market’s modest upward repricing of the expected policy path, reinforcing the view that investors continue to anticipate a gradually restrictive policy stance rather than a material shift in the macroeconomic outlook.
Taken together, Treasury markets continue to signal a resilient macroeconomic backdrop in which financial conditions remain moderately restrictive, inflation expectations remain well anchored, and investors continue to anticipate steady rather than disruptive adjustments to the policy outlook.
The Treasury curve continues to support a constructive medium-term growth outlook.
Credit markets remain broadly constructive overall, although investors continue to demand a substantial premium from the weakest speculative borrowers.
The 5-Year Treasury closed at 5.02%, while High Yield Option-Adjusted Spreads finished at 311bp, leaving speculative-grade borrowers facing an estimated average borrowing cost of approximately 8.13%.
Credit differentiation within investment-grade markets remains limited, indicating investors continue to view higher-quality corporate balance sheetsA financial "snapshot" that reveals exactly what a company owns and owes at a specific moment in time. It follows the fundamental formula: Assets = Liabilities + Equity. By subtracting what is owed (liabilities) from what is owned (assets), the balance sheet shows the "book value" or the net worth belonging to the owners. More as fundamentally healthy. Refinancing conditions for lower investment-grade issuers remain broadly normal, with little evidence that markets are aggressively pricing downgrade risk. At the same time, distressed issuers continue to face materially higher financing costs, indicating investor caution remains concentrated in the weakest segments of the speculative-grade market rather than reflecting systemic deterioration.
Taken together, credit markets continue to distinguish sharply between stronger and weaker borrowers, suggesting investors remain comfortable assuming credit risk while avoiding the most financially fragile issuers.
The estimated neutral rateThe long-term theoretical level at which interest rates neither stimulate nor restrict economic growth. More remains consistent with a stable expansionary environment, with long-term Treasury yields materially above this level, reflecting elevated term premiums and strong nominal growth expectations relative to the model’s equilibrium estimate.
With the Federal Funds rate currently hovering at 3.88%, we can evaluate the true posture of monetary policy against multiple neutral baseline targets.
- Our Custom Model (4.18% Nominal r*): Because the actual policy rate of 3.88% is lower than our growth-derived target of 4.18%, monetary policy sits in a loose/expansionary posture, providing net stimulus to the economy.
- The FOMC Projections (3.20% Nominal r*): The Federal Reserve’s official Summary of Economic Projections benchmarks the longer-run neutral rateThe long-term theoretical level at which interest rates neither stimulate nor restrict economic growth. More at 3.20%. Against this official yardstick, the current 3.88% policy rate is restrictive. This confirms that the central bank is actively cooling down economic momentum by maintaining high borrowing costs.
Equity risk premium is extremely compressed, indicating markets are pricing near-perfect conditions. Elevated yields alongside compressed ERP create a valuation headwind for equities.
Risk appetite remains strong across both equity and credit markets, with compressed risk premia and tight credit spreadsIn the bond market, it is the difference in yield between a corporate bond and a "risk-free" government bond of the same maturity. It represents the extra interest investors demand to compensate for the risk that a company might default. More reflecting continued confidence in growth and financial conditions.
Spread Guide:

